Organizations such as human groups are constantly forced to make decisions whose success depends on the proper conduct of the same, the decisions themselves are the product of a reflection process that involves various activities, this being systematic and orderly thinking what is known and Planning.
The whole process of planning, says Stanton, (1984) is to “study the past to decide this, what to do in the future, how, when, and by whom. Planning is expected to decide today and the actions we can take from this to a desirable future. This is not to make predictions about the future, but to take appropriate decisions to make that future happen.
The conceptual foundations of Strategic Planning, do not appear until the early seventies, when triggered a global crisis that manifests itself in the rise in oil prices, shortage of raw materials and energy sources, as well as inflation two digits, which produces the stagnation of the economy and rising unemployment, especially in the U.S., as there are goods from other countries, mainly from Japan, low cost, high quality, displacing almost all international markets . (De la Cuesta, 2006)
Also their say, “This general crisis required a new type of planning that would develop the financial health of companies, regardless of negative events that might occur in their environment.”
Strategic planning is a process that feeds constantly and passes successively through three phases, says Godet, (1990):
- Strategic phase in determining the mission and objectives of the center through identifying their strengths and weaknesses, by conducting an internal diagnosis, as well as opportunities arising from the changing environment that surrounds it.
- Operational phase, which makes the planning of operations and coordination of efforts to achieve the objectives.
- Budget Phase, where resources are allocated for developing the objectives, commitments and responsibilities, performance analysis and control.
As Drucker says, (1994) “Strategic Planning is a means to assess the risk and try to keep the organization adapted to optimally constantly analyzing changes in the environment and maximizing internal resources available that confer an advantage from the competition, taking advantage of opportunities more effectively. “
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